Varicose veins and spider veins are the jagged purple lines or swollen bluish cords spreading across our calves and thighs as we age. They are warped blood vessels and 60% of adults have them. Varicose veins are large blood vessels which have become twisted and swollen. They are dark blue in color and appear to stick out from the skin much like raised tunnels. These veins can develop anywhere in the body but usually appear on the ankles and legs. A reason for this is because being in an uptight position, walking and standing adds to the pressure in the veins of the lower body. For a lot of people, varicose veins and spider veins are just a cosmetic matter. For others, varicose veins can cause discomfort and aching pain. They can lead to more serious health problems. Varicose veins may also indicate a higher risk of circulatory complications. Treatment may cover procedures to close or remove veins or self-care measures.
Veins usually have a one-way valve to avoid backflow of blood. Problems with the blood, muscles or valves can let blood pool inside the vein. As blood pools inside the vein, the pressure is created and the wall of the vessel weakens. Due to this, the vein bulges and twists. Depending on the extent of swelling and the size of the blood vessel, a varicose vein or spider vein is caused. Here is an overview of the symptoms, effects, and prevention of varicose veins.
Symptoms of varicose veins
There may not be any pain caused due to varicose veins. Some signs you may notice with varicose veins are:
- Veins that are bulging and twisted, similar to cords on your legs
- Veins that are blue or dark purple
When painful signs and symptoms are experienced they may include:
- Itching around your veins
- Exacerbated pain after standing or sitting for a long time
- A heavy or achy feeling in your legs
- Throbbing, muscle cramping, burning and swelling in the lower legs
- Bleeding from varicose veins
- Hardening of the veins, inflammation of the skin, color changes or skin ulcers near the ankle
- Discoloration and ulceration of the skin
Who can get varicose veins?
Women are twice as likely as men in getting varicose veins. The condition is common in people with jobs that require them to be on their feet, such as teachers and nurses. Other contributing factors include obesity, genetic predisposition, aging, surgery to the leg, prior trauma or pregnancy.
Complications
Certain complications of varicose veins, although rare, can include:
- Blood clots
A sudden swelling in the leg may require urgent medical attention as it may indicate a blood clot. It is also medically referred to as thrombophlebitis. - Ulcers
Painful ulcers may form on the skin near varicose veins, especially near the ankles. A long-term fluid buildup in these tissues results in ulcers, which is caused by the heightened pressure of blood within the veins. You will notice a discolored spot on the skin beginning to appear before an ulcer forms. If you’ve developed an ulcer you should see your doctor immediately. - Bleeding
Sometimes, veins near the skin may burst. This causes minor bleeding. It may require medical attention as there is a chance it can happen again.
Prevention
You cannot completely prevent varicose veins. You can reduce your risk of developing varicose veins by improving your muscle tone and blood circulation. Some measures you can take to prevent varicose veins include:
- Watching your weight
- Elevating your legs
- Exercising
- Following a low-salt, high-fiber diet
- Not wearing high heels and tight hosiery
- Changing your standing or sitting position frequently
